Beliefs Of Chronic Kidney Disease Patient: A Phenomenology Study

Abstract

each year due to kidney disease [1]. The prevalence rate of kidney failure in Taiwan is the highest in the world due to a longer life expectancy while the population continues to increase.
The high life expectancy accompanied by elderly disease is a major concern for the government because it poses a large social and financial burden for individuals, society and the health system [2]. In Indonesia, in 2018 data obtained from patients with kidney failure ranked 3rd after heart disease and cancer [3]. Furthermore, according to Infodatin (2017) the province with the highest prevalence is Central Sulawesi at 0.5%, followed by Aceh, Gorontalo, and North Sulawesi at 0.4% each and South Sulawesi at 0.3% [4]. Furthermore, data from the United States that African Americans have an increase in end-stage kidney disease compared to other racial ethnic groups. This is related to several factors, one of which is beliefs about health which result in the incidence of chronic kidney failure 3 times more [5]. Meanwhile, Indonesia has the largest population with different cultures and beliefs that can affect beliefs and practices in health [6]. Indonesian people are known for their religiosity, faith and spirituality, which affect people's understanding in dealing with disease [7].
Chronic diseases are heavily influenced by culture such as the eating behavior of Indonesians related to cultural and religious traditions so that they can affect health, as in the research by Dewi on "person centered care in the Indonesian health care system" which states that participants are not allowed socially or culturally. to refuse food served by others [6]. Furthermore, culture and beliefs shape the choice of treatment used, stating that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus prefer to use unconventional therapy, because they believe that taking less medication and water will worsen the disease [8], while another research state that people use herbal medicine as a core treatment and then medical treatment as a last resort [9].

Characteristics of the participants
Participants in this study were patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis.
Each participant was interviewed in depth using Indonesian. The characteristics of the participants can be seen in table 1.

Themes and Subthemes
This research focused on two main themes that were composed of five sub-themes. The two themes identified in this study were psychological conditions and social support.  surrendering and thanking God so that he will be given a way to recover [22]. The spiritual practice shown by CKD sufferers in this study is to make peace with oneself and consider illness as a test from God [23]. being faced [24].

RECOMMENDATION
From the results of the study, it was found that there were participants used alternative medicine, visited to shaman when they were declared chronic kidney failure and the process of accepting patients who were closer to God. In addition, it is recommended that it is necessary to improve the ability of nurses in providing nursing care, especially mental health services, spirituality and assistance to patients in the process of accepting conditions and the ability to adapt optimally.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors thank the patients of chronic

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Authors disclose no conflicts of interest related to the work in this manuscript.