The Effect of Ginger Compress Therapy and Kinesiotaping on Pain and Stiffness in the Joints and Functional Ability in Elderly with Osteoarthritis

Article history: Received: 4 September 2020 Accepted: 13 November 2020 Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a slowly progressive non-inflamation in diarthrodial (synovial) joints which increasingly occurs as one ages, showing such initial symptom as pain in the joints during activities. The pain gets worse over time, causing the obstruction of joint movements and affects the patient’s functional ability. The aim of the study was to identify the effect of red ginger compress therapy and kinesio tapping on pain and stiffness in the joints and functional ability. Methods: This research used the Quasi Experiment pre and post test design with control group. A simple random technique to collect 112 respondents who were devided into intervention group receiving red ginger compress therapy, kinesiotaping group, combination of red ginger compress therapy and kinesiotaping group, and control group, each of which consisted of 28 respondents in Pangesti Elderly Home Lawang and Pangesti Tresno Mukti Elderly Home Turen. Results: Evaluation based on WOMAC index was applied on day one, three, five and seven. The result of ANCOVA showed the red ginger compress intervention with p = 0.005, kinesiotaping with p = 0.005 and red ginger compress + kinesiotaping with p = 0.005 in reducing pain, joint stiffness and difficulty functional ability. Conclusion: This research findings are expected to be one of nonpharmcological therapies recommended to patients with OA.


INTRODUCTION
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slowly progressive non inflammatory disease of diarthrodial (synovial) joints. This disease affects the components of the joints, resulting in the thinning and damage of joint cartilage, and growth of bony lumps around the joints (osteofitosis), subchondral bone changes, low level of synovitis at various dagrees, and joint capsule thickening. OA starts to affect people at their 40 years of age. According to some patients' experiences, the sign and symptoms are experienced at the age of either 50s or 60s and rarely develop at age 40s. Hence the prevalence of incidence of OA rises with increasing age [1], [2].
OA is considered one of the ten most degenerative diseases in developing countries. Being a farmer for 1 -9 years increases the risk of osteoarthritis as much as 4.5 times more likely, while being a farmer for 10 years or more increases the risk of the disease 9.3 times more likely. It is estimated that 9,6% of men and 18,0% of women above 60 years of age around the world develop symptomatic Osteoarthritis. 80% of the sufferers experience lack of mobility, and 25% of them are unable to perform their normal daily activities [3]. 14 millions of people in America are presumed to develop symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) including more than 3 million races or ethnic minority , more than half of whom suffer from KOA at the age younger than 65 [4].
In Indonesia 7.3% of 12 million people had arthritis at their old age in 2018 and suffered from disability due to OA [5], [6]. influence on muscle strength [12], [13].
Based on the background, researchers were tempted to conduct research on patients with OA to find out an effective method to reduce pain, stiffness in the joint and promote functional ability tittled "The Effect of Red Ginger Compress Therapy and Kinesiotaping on the joint pain, joint stiffness and Functional Ability in elderly with Osteoarthritis".

Quasi Experiment quantitative research design and Pretest-Postest with Control Group
Design approached were used. Time Series Design was used to collect the data. The researchers did intervention in three groups and observed the dependent variables after the intervention [14], [15]. The intervention is the application of combination of red ginger compress therapy and kinesiotaping in the intervention group for 7 days; during which red ginger compress therapy was delivered once a day for 7 days, and kinesio tapping method by changing the plester on day 3 and day 5 was applied for 7 days. WOMAC was used on day 3, day 5 and day 7 to evaluate the score.

Study Population
Study population consisted of all elderly people with osteoarthritis in Werdha Pangesti

Sample and Sampling Technique
Sample is defined as part of the study population that represents the characteristics of the population [16]. for stiff joint,and 17 for functional ability.

Respondents with or without medication for
Osteoarthritis were cooperative and willing to participate in the intervention for 7 days.

Data Analysis
Paired sample T-test was used to find out the discrepancy before and after intervention. people are selected to be the participants of a research, proper treatment must be provided to make sure their rights are preserved [18].     Kinesiotaping improves muscle function and prevent further secondary damage, increase blood circulation and lymphatic tissues, reduce pain or induce comfort and correct dislocated joints [12].

CONCLUSION
The result of this study indicates that the administration of red ginger compress and kinesiotaping is proved to effectively reduce joint pain, joint stiffness and disrupted functional ability experienced by patients with Osteoarthritis. It is expected that the intervention will become a recommended non-pharmachological therapy to reduce pain, stiffness in the joints, and functional ability in elderly. In addition, this therapy is safe for elderly patients due to its minimum adverse effect.