Glucomannan From Porang ( Amorphophallus muelleri ) Improves Short-Chain Fatty Acid in Wistar Rat with High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet

Abstract


INTRODUCTION
The leading cause of death in humans is coronary heart disease [1].The primary risk factor for coronary heart disease is abnormal blood lipid metabolism or dyslipidemia.Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were shown in several studies to lower the body's levels of both total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride.Zhao et al. reported that male hamsters fed with SCFA supplement for six weeks had reduced plasma total cholesterol by up to 17% [2].Haghikia et al. found that treating high-cholesterol mice with SCFA significantly reduced their TC, VLDL, and LDL-C levels and stopped them from developing atherosclerosis [3].A randomized controlled trial also revealed that giving SCFA orally for eight weeks to people with hyperlipidemia decreases several blood lipid components compared to the control group.These findings suggest that increased SCFAs would improve lipid profile and prevent coronary heart disease [4].
Considering the significance of SCFA for the body, it is imperative to search for alternative nutrition based on regional foods that might raise the body's SCFA levels.
Glucomannan is one material that has been the subject of much investigation.Due to its potential health benefits, glucomannan is a popular study target, particularly for disorders associated with metabolic syndrome, such as dyslipidemia [5][6].
Glucomannan helps promote weight reduction by lowering blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.
As a result, glucomannan-containing foods are considered healthier and widely available in Asian and European markets [7][8].
Glucomannan is a polysaccharide.That belongs to the group of soluble dietary fibers.
High-viscosity glucomannan consumption decreases the absorption of bile acids in the ileum and cholesterol in the jejunum [9].
Additionally, glucomannan functions as a prebiotic, aiding in synthesizing GLP-1 and short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis.Lipid synthesis will eventually decline as a result of this process' impact on lipid metabolism [10].
Additionally, glucomannan influences the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is implicated in developing atherosclerotic plaque [11].
A.muelleri is also known as tubers [8].
According to research by Danawati, administering A.muelleri flour with a glucomannan content of 61.82% at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/200gBW could stop mice fed with a high-fat, high-fructose diet from having higher cholesterol.However, there was no discernible difference between the three doses [12].In a study by Safitri et

STUDY LIMITATION
The limitation of this study is the absence of a precise strategy for inducing a high-fat, highfructose diet.The use of lard with a strong aroma may suppress the rat's hunger, while only a restricted amount of egg yolks could be given due to the limited capacity of the rat's stomach.It is necessary to modify the high-fat, high-fructose diet by adding food flavorings to the feed so that the aroma of pork fat does not overly influence the rats' appetite.Aside from that, additional methods of delivering fructose might be investigated to ensure that the amount of fructose taken is accurately and uniformly distributed across each group.This study did not investigate the type of SCFA or explore mice activity or other variables, such as hormones and genetics, that may impact rat SCFA.Last, a supplementary diet such as Porang glucomannan needs high adherence to produce a positive effect, which is hard to achieve outside of laboratory conditions [26].

Table 1
SCFA level in Each Group

Table 2
Post-Hoc Test