The Principles of The Kelud Community in Disaster Management

Article history: Received: 30 September 2020 Accepted: 17 February 202


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is known as a beautiful country called the Emerald of the Equatorial country but on the other hand, Indonesia is also known as a country that prone to natural disasters, non-natural disasters, and even social disasters [1]. Indonesia often experiences disasters because Indonesia is a region that has the largest archipelago in the world consisting of 129 active volcanoes often known as the ring of fire and Indonesia also located at the intersection of the three active tectonic plates of the world [2]. According to Belanawane, it explains that the Indonesian archipelago as a whole has the potential to experience a volcanic eruption with different intensity and strength [3]. The impact of volcanic eruptions is magnificent which can change the ecosystem and social life of people on the slopes of the mountain [4], [5]. Indonesia is a disaster-prone area because Indonesia's territory lies in the ring of fire in the world. Indonesia is aware of the magnitude of the potential for disasters and the risks they cause. This has led Indonesia to have laws and government regulations on disaster management [7]. A disaster is a natural or non-natural event that happens to anyone and causes damage to the biological, psychological, and spiritual elements, either individually or in general, found in a nation and country experiencing a disaster [8].
Disaster risk is the potential loss caused by a disaster in an area and within a certain period of time, such as death, injury, illness, life threatened, loss of security, displacement, damage or loss of property, and disruption of community activities [9], [10]. Disaster management is a series of efforts that include the establishment of development policies at risk of occurrence of disasters, disaster prevention activities, emergency response, and rehabilitation [10], [11]. One of the activities of the response is community-based disaster risk reduction. This activity involves people at risked actively in assessing, analyzing, dealing with, monitoring, and evaluating disaster risk to reduce vulnerability and increase their capacity [9].  [14]. The community is a group of people who lived interacting with each other in certain areas, have legal ties, a strong sense of solidarity and common goals, locality or common needs, for example living in an environment that is both exposed to the same risk of danger, concerns and hopes about disaster risk [9]. Disaster risk reduction aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerability to disasters. Therefore it is necessary to develop an internal disaster management mechanism called Community Based Disaster Management [3]. In various incidents, disasters are related to how the pattern of individual or community knowledge about a disaster threat and patterns in dealing with a disaster threat [14].
Individual community preparedness in making action plans when a disaster strike is key to successful evacuation [17], [18]. It is also stated in research that community preparedness for disasters is related to community knowledge about disasters [19].
Actions against disaster risk consist of preventive measures, relief, evacuation, and rehabilitation. The form of action is taken to avoid and face risks, not diverting risks [7].
Community participation actions in mitigation activities include disaster education, disaster preparedness, selfpreparation, making early warning systems, and saving property [20].
In community-based disaster risk reduction efforts, it is also necessary to pay attention to the principles of disaster management [21]. modelled on international guidelines [22]..